Role Of Institutions Research Articles

Role of institutions in public management: developing case studies for divergent policy systems

Public policy management has an intractable nature, and the institutional complexity of governance further exacerbates its practice. Transnational learning cutting across countries and policy areas can contribute to this policy knowledge in dealing with multifarious issues in public management. Understanding the institutional mix in public management in various contexts enhances the existing comprehension of how the national pattern of public management works differently in different socio-economic, cultural, and political settings. The present research aims to study the institutional framework in the form of state structure (unitary or federal) and the nature of executive government (majoritarian or consensual) in delineating the influence of institutions on public management processes in divergent policy systems. The paper undertakes four in-depth country case studies and the public management reforms as a response to institutional pressure are examined using the 4 M strategy–Maintain (holding on to existing administrative structures and processes), Modernize (keeping service delivery and regulation up to date), Marketize (efficiency and user-responsive public management), and Minimize (reducing state-led regulation). The case studies highlight the differences in the broad direction and energy of implementation that characterize a particular policy style. The results of the study indicate that even though the institutional dimensions are not present in strict polarization, the impact of the institutional mix is evident in the dominant strategies of public management reforms adopted at the national level.

Household Non-mortgage Debt and Depression in Older Adults in 22 Countries: What is the Role of Social Norms, Institutions and Macroeconomic Conditions?

Household Non-mortgage Debt and Depression in Older Adults in 22 Countries: What is the Role of Social Norms, Institutions and Macroeconomic Conditions?

Climate Literacy in the Age of Global Climate Change: A Critical Inquiry into Shaping Climate –Literate Society for a Sustainable Future

Climate Change is a multidimensional challenge in the twenty-first century. The challenges venting out of the consequences of climate change are mainly due to a lack of information and knowledge to combat it. It is important to build a climate-literate society to address and combat the consequences of ecological catastrophe. There is a need for cutting-edge knowledge on understanding the nuances of critical components of climate science, which is the need of the hour. Henceforth, climate literacy is an understanding of anthropogenic impact driven by human activities that have led to planetary crisis; cultivating ecological skills and thought processes, with a pragmatic vision of providing a tool to build a sustainable world in the era of climate change world. The role of educators and academic institutions in nurturing environmental stewardship becomes a vital for taking a step forward to a sustainable future in the cocoon of sustainable development goals. This paper will explore and address the vision of cultivating climate literacy as a framework for sustainable development and addressing climate resilience in the age of global climate change. The aim of the study is to identify the efficacy of Climate Change Education (CCE) initiatives and to trace few of the best practices and methods for developing a climate-literate society. As we introspect into the future outcome of the present study, it will envision climate literate society and decision-making processes at individual, institutional, and governmental levels for promoting sustainability and millennium development goals. Thus, it calls for action, emphasising the urgency of humanising climate literacy to empower current and future generations to contribute meaningfully to the global environmental sustainability and resilience effort.

Religious Institutions in Saudi Arabia: History, Evolution and Development Features

This work is devoted to religion and religious institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia, being a Muslim state according to the law, turns to religion in order to legitimize its policy. Therefore, due to the increasing role of Saudi Arabia in the region and the world, the study of religion and its place in the state is considered very relevant and important. The first introductory part of the article examines the role of Islam in the history of the formation of Saudi statehood outlines the main provisions of the doctrine of Wahhabism. The main part of the work examines the history, evolution and features, the role and positions of various religious institutions in the country. In conclusion, it is concluded that the authorities of the kingdom are undertaking an increasing securitization of state policy in relation to religious institutions; religion is being «nationalized». The analysis of the role of religious change in the kingdom is based on the approach of dividing reforms into tajdid and islah.

Institutional governance and state-building in Somaliland

Governance is the combined principles of the effective rule of law within a framework of institutional capacity for legal entity, Institutional governance encompassed both administrative aspect and legal framework of institutional development linked with the state-building development. Institutional governance entails accountability, transparency to the demands of effective monitoring process, the aim of the paper is to know how institutional governance affect state-building in Somaliland, institution governance framework and the role of institutions to stat-building follow to accountability, transparency, rule of law and participation. The paper exams to understand the dynamics of institutional governance and state-building idea of governance in state-progress, state-building determinate, institutional Legal frameworks, discrepancies affecting institutions and the consequence. Somaliland is post-conflict country, the consequence from the destruction of infrastructural development brought some basic facilities including, peace, schools and institutional governance has destroyed, the paper presents the role of government bureaucrats (Civil Service)[1] in institutional building, peace restoration and institutional development, finally one of the ideas of paper discussed is the how citizens involved state-building and state-development. The Somaliland Civil Service Commission is a Somaliland government agency established in 1993 that oversees the employment of civil servants and lead reforms in Somaliland's decentralization process. The head of the agency is chairman and is appointed by the President of Somaliland.

ORGANIZACIONES SOSTENIBLES? LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR

The role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as opinion and behavior makers has long been recognized and this affects relevant issues between society and organizations such as sustainability. Studying how university students perceive sustainability in organizations can reveal guidelines for decision-making and actions in HEIs. There fore, the objective of this study is to verify which factors and variables impact the perception of students about the sustainability of organizations. A Survey was conducted with students of an HEI in south of Brazil. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire and a valid sample of 895 respondents was obtained. The results show the positive impact of the factors Environmental and Sustainable Aspects, Social, Ethical and Corporate Governance. It is concluded that the elements that form these factors generate guidelines for theim provement of sustainability practices.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & DEMOCRACY IN INDIA A POLICY ANALYSIS FROM TRIPURA & WEST BENGAL

This research article delves into the intricate relationship between sustainable development and democracy, with a specific focus on the states of Tripura and West Bengal in India. Through a comprehensive policy analysis, it examines the extent to which democratic governance influences sustainable development initiatives in these regions. Tripura and West Bengal offer contrasting socio-political landscapes, making them ideal case studies to explore the interplay between democratic principles and sustainable development policies. By scrutinizing the implementation, effectiveness, and outcomes of various sustainability initiatives in both states, this study aims to identify key factors that either facilitate or hinder the integration of sustainable development goals within democratic frameworks. Furthermore, it evaluates the role of governmental institutions, civil society organizations, and grassroots movements in promoting sustainable development practices amidst democratic governance structures. The findings of this research contribute to a deeper understanding of how democracy can serve as a catalyst or a constraint in fostering sustainable development at the regional level, offering valuable insights for policymakers, development practitioners, and scholars alike.

Construction and reflections on the disease prevention and control system of aquatic organisms based on management perspective

Disease prevention and control are a crucial aspect of fishery management, as they ensure the sustainability of aquacultural systems. With a specific focus on Shandong Province, China, this study outlines the occurrence of diseases in aquatic organisms. It summarizes dynamics that drive disease prevention and control and supports technology, work mode, and emergency prevention and control. In addition, this study also delves into the role of epidemic prevention and control institutions, the upgrading of the social service of disease prevention systems, and insufficient technical support for new species and models. Overall, the findings outlined in this study are intended to achieve the following aims: enhance organizational management of disease prevention and control, standardize the implementation of social services, improve research into prevention and control technologies, and highlight the importance of information technology in disease prevention and control. Based on practical aquaculture production, our aim is to comprehensively analyze the situation of the construction of a disease prevention and control system, strengthen guidance on epidemic prevention technologies, establish a robust animal epidemic prevention system, and propose development strategies, serving as a reference for competent authorities to enhance the disease prevention and control of aquatic organisms.

Rule of Informal Institutions in Democracy: Implications for Regional Disparity in an Indian State

This article attempts to understand and theorize the issue of persistent regional disparity within democratic structures using an institutional perspective. Institutional economists widely acknowledge the role of democratic institutions in improving redistribution and reducing inequalities. However, persistent regional disparity within democratic nations has become a cause of concern for both developed and developing nations. There is hardly any study that either attempts to develop a separate institutional framework to explain regional variation or to examine the applicability of these frameworks in the regional context. Our article is an attempt to fill this gap. In this article, we have taken the case of Odisha, a low-income state within the largest democracy in the world, India, and tried to theorize its wide and persistent regional disparities. The novelty of this article is conceptualizing the interactions between formal and informal institutions and drawing implications of their interactions for regional disparity and economic growth.

Do higher government spending, financial development, and trade reduce income inequality in low‐income countries? A Bayesian perspective

AbstractWe employed the Bayesian method to investigate the impact of government spending, financial development (measured by bank credit), and trade on income inequality reduction in 66 low‐income countries (LICs) across Africa, Asia, America, and Europe from 2000 to 2018. Controlling inflation and unemployment, our results indicate that trade and inflation exacerbate income inequality in LICs, while financial development and government spending have no impact on reducing income inequality in these countries. Furthermore, the findings show that real GDP per capita reduces income inequality in LICs. To ensure the robustness of our results, we also conducted frequentist quantile regression, which yielded consistent findings that financial development, government spending, and trade do not reduce income inequality in LICs. We further discuss the potential channels through which trade, financial development, inflation, and government spending contribute to income inequality in LICs, and provide policy implications based on the empirical evidence.Related ArticlesAdegboye, Alex, Kofo Adegboye, Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Stephen Ojeka, and Eyitemi Fasanu. 2023. “Taxation, Democracy, and Inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Relevant Linkages for Sustainable Development Goals.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 696–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12547.Asongu, Simplice, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. 2023. “The Effect of Inequality on Poverty and Severity of Poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The Role of Financial Development Institutions.” Politics & Policy 51(5): 898–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12558.Polacko, Matthew. 2023. “Turning Off the Base: Social Democracy's Neoliberal Turn, Income Inequality, and Turnout.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 538–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12550.

Governance of Higher Education Institutions through Faculty Perspectives

The present study investigated the factors influencing faculty satisfaction within higher education institutions. A quantitative survey with 30 items was administered online to faculty members (n=72) from diverse disciplines and institutional roles. Specifically, the study examined the effects of top-down leadership, hierarchical organizational culture, and the current challenges faced by academic institutions. The results showed that faculty satisfaction was significantly influenced by the leadership style at the institutional level while institutions with rigid hierarchical cultures tended to have lower faculty satisfaction. The study also identified several challenges faced by academic institutions, including budget constraints, increased workload, and shifting educational paradigms. These challenges also directly impacted faculty satisfaction in a negative way. In conclusion, to enhance faculty satisfaction, institutions should foster transparent leadership, promote a participatory organizational culture, and proactively address the challenges posed by the evolving higher education landscape.

Diplomacia pública digital y las estrategias implementadas por la UANL ante la pandemia por Covid 19: Una revisión teórica

The document examines the evolution and impact of digitalization in public diplomacy, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights how globalization and tech-nological advancements have transformed public diplomacy through the introduction of new digital methods and strategies. The role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), such as the Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), in internationali-zation and academic and scientific cooperation within public diplomacy is discussed. The text addresses the challenges and opportunities posed by the pandemic, emphasizing how restrictions spurred the adoption of digital strategies to maintain international collabo-ration and communication. The importance of effec-tive communication and efficient use of technology in public diplomacy is emphasized, underlining the need for strategic management and planning in the digital realm. The document illustrates the direct impact of digitalization on international relations and public diplomacy, showing how UANL and other HEIs have adapted their strategies to meet new global challenges and maintain quality in their academic and diplomatic activities

Aid for trade and export performance of recipient countries: The moderating role of institutions

Using bilateral trade and aid for trade (AfT) data for a sample of 155 countries over the period 2002-2019, we implement a gravity analysis to assess whether bilateral aggregate AfT and various AfT categories have stimulated exports of AfT-recipient countries to donors, and to examine if the institutional distance between recipients and donor countries affected the efficacy of AfT in promoting the former's bilateral exports. We show that AfT flows tend to foster exports of recipients, both at the extensive margin and intensive margin. Moreover, the trade-stimulating effect of AfT for trade policy and regulation is more pronounced than that of other AfT flows. Finally, institutional disparities between trading partners dampen the effectiveness of AfT in promoting exports at both margins of trade; and certain regions and income-based groups have managed to benefit more than others from AfT. Increasing the amount of disbursed aid flows is likely to speed-up the insertion of developing countries into world markets; strengthening governance in AfT-beneficiary countries and closing their institutional gap with donors would enhance the effect of AfT on their exports; and tying AfT flows to governance-related reforms in recipients can be an option to consider by donors.

Peran Lembaga Zakat dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Penerima Zakat: Studi Kasus BAZNAS Kota Jogja dan BAZNAS DIY

This research aims to determine the role of zakat institutions in economic empowerment of zakat recipients, with a case study at BAZNAS Jogja City & BAZNAS DIY. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. There were seven informants in this research consisting of the Program Manager, Implementing Staff for zakat distribution, Program Facilitators and zakat recipients at each Zakat Institution studied. The research results concluded that BAZNAS Jogja City & BAZNAS DIY have played an optimal role in efforts to improve the economy of zakat recipients. The two zakat institutions have implemented several productive zakat programs aimed at empowering zakat recipients in the businesses they run. The strategy used is providing provisions to potential aid recipients, business training and providing business capital to zakat recipients. There are several obstacles faced by BAZNAS Jogja City & BAZNAS DIY in empowering the economy of zakat recipients, including zakat recipients not being optimal in running their businesses, especially in increasing sales. Thus, BAZNAS City and BAZNAS DIY need to provide assistance according to the problems experienced by zakat recipients to help and improve the businesses of zakat recipients. Keywords: Role of BAZNAS, Economic Empowerment, Zakat recipients.

Legal Protection for Consumers and Organizers in Organizing Non-Bank International Money Transfers (Cross Border Remittance)

This research investigates the regulatory and supervisory system for non-bank international remittance service providers within the applicable legal framework. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, this research explores legal protection mechanisms for consumers and the role of government institutions in ensuring compliance and protection of consumer interests and market stability. Data was collected through analysis of regulatory documents, literature, and interviews with experts in the financial industry. The research findings highlight challenges in implementing regulations, a lack of consumer awareness, and the need for technological innovation to strengthen monitoring and reporting of financial transactions. Recommendations include strengthening international cooperation, consumer education, strengthening compliance and law enforcement, technological innovation, and collaboration with industry

Family Management and Historical Origins: The Italian Experience

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the long‐run determinants of the corporate structure of Italian firms to explain the persistent role of a long‐run tradition of civic capital that has favored interpersonal trust, fostered cooperation outside of the narrow ties of family members and limited the diffusion of family businesses managed predominantly by family members.Research Findings/InsightsWe examined a large sample of Italian listed and not listed firms and identified those that operate in current municipalities that in the past used to be independent communes. Such firms featuring experiences of civic engagement are today less likely to be owned by a family and run by family management.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur findings highlight the role of institutions as drivers of corporate governance and signal that long forgotten institutions, by modifying local social capital, may interact with family social capital and have important persistent effects on current corporate governance arrangements. Therefore, significant elements of path dependency may explain current patterns of unbundling of ownership and management.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsPersistent corporate governance structures are difficult even for policymakers to modify. Our findings suggest that political measures should favor the accumulation of social capital at the local level when aiming to change ownership and management arrangements and limit the misallocation of resources due to family management.

Good governance in troubled times: What we know and what experts say

While mankind has been subject to disasters since the beginning of civilization, economic development has brought about new types of crises like economic and financial crises and pandemics. Not all crises are the same, and neither are their effects. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature, discussing the asymmetric effects of various crises focusing on the role of governance and institutions. Specifically, we discuss the role of institutions in predicting crises and dealing with them, and how crises shape citizens’ trust in and the quality of institutions. Besides individual contributions to the special issue on the topic which are also summarized here, we provide insightful expert comments from scholars like Nejat Anbarci, Kaushik Basu, Utteeyo Dasgupta, Justin Esary, Robert Gillanders, Ajit Mishra, and Shang-Jin Wei on these topics. This piece is intended for scholars as well as practitioners and policymakers working in the area.

Хибридни войни, медии, интернет: основни понятия и пресечни точки

Abstract: The article is predominantly of a theoretical and review nature and the aim is to bring out notions related to hybrid warfare, the role of the media and the Internet in a complicated and at the same time dynamically developing inter¬national environment through a critical reading of scientific publications, strate¬gies and normative documents. The scientific field implies an interdisciplinary approach. The methods of analysis and synthesis and desk research are used. No empirical research results are presented, but examples are given as illustrations of events and processes related to hybrid warfare. An attempt is made to answer the research questions: What are the characteristics of hybrid warfare in the 21st century? How does the media function in the face of confrontation, cyber threats and cyber security dangers? The article outlines the characteristics of hybrid warfare and describes the specifics of media used for information dissemination and manipulation. The role of institutions is outlined and some of their functions to neutralize the effects of disinformation in hybrid warfare are indicated. Keywords: hybrid warfare, internet, media, social networks, communication.

The Role of Institutions and Industrial Policy: The Constraints of Industrial Development in Sabah

This article examines the role played by institutions in Sabah’s industrial development. Industrialisation is widely acknowledged as the key to pursuing structural change and attaining an economy-wide accumulation of capabilities because it involves capital-intensive activities that require investments in physical capital, human capital and technological advancement, all of which lead to the modernisation of the state’s economy. Thus, the configuration of a nation’s industrial policy is central to expanding and diversifying downstream activities. Nonetheless, effective industrial policy implementation depends on the role played by institutions that take elite policy actors into account when configuring economic interests and priorities. In the case of Sabah, although the state is rich in resources, the implementation of its industrial policy seems to have been impeded by certain factors. Political influence is embedded in existing institutions, and there are uneven power relations, patronage and rent-seeking behaviours. These have collectively constrained industrial policy arrangements and implementation. This study employs qualitative methods, gathering primary data via elite interviews and augmenting this with extensive secondary sources.

The Role of Notary Supervision Institutions and Notary Responsibilities for Violations of Their Obligations

The objective of this study is to further examine regulations related to the Notary Supervisory Board concerning the supervision of notarial ethical codes and to assess the responsibilities of notaries in case of duty violations. The research method employed is normative, utilizing a legislative approach and descriptive analysis. The findings of the study aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the Notary Supervisory Board in fulfilling their duties in terms of legislation, assess the need for regulatory updates to enhance supervisory effectiveness, and evaluate the impact of notarial duty violations on parties involved in transactions or acts prepared by notaries.